Toothpaste is typically sold in liquid or gel form in collapsible tubes. These toothpaste tubes are made of plastic and aluminium, none of which can be recycled.

Impact of Toothpaste Tubes on Environmental Pollution

According to the World Health Organisation, the average person consumes six toothpaste tubes annually. Therefore millions of people will use billions of toothpaste tubes each year. Such consumption causes grave environmental damage, as heaps of plastic waste pile up yearly.

According to recycling experts from the independent eco-labelling programmes in Australia, toothpaste tubes are tough to recycle as they are made of various plastics and glazed metal, which makes recycling them even more challenging. Only 10% of the 1.5 billion toothpaste tubes discarded each year are recycled, meaning about 1.3 billion end up in landfill, incinerators and oceans, upsetting the fragile ecological balance.

Plastic waste in landfills and oceans disrupts food chains and ecosystems and takes hundreds of years to degrade. Plastic waste seriously threatens sea animals, which can choke on plastic trash. Microplastics have been detected in seafood.

Toothpaste tubes are a major contributor to non-recyclable plastic waste, leading environmental experts to demand action from toothpaste manufacturers. To tackle this problem of ever-increasing plastic waste from discarded toothpaste tubes, researchers introduced toothpaste tablets in 2007, marketed as a sustainable alternative to conventional toothpaste tubes.

What Are Toothpaste Tablets?

Now you might be wondering what toothpaste tablets are. They are dry, compressed discs that can be crushed and mixed with water to form a paste. They are marketed as having a major edge over conventional plastic tubes due to their recyclable packaging. Additionally, they are promoted among environmentalist groups as consisting of ingredients free from animal testing and cruelty.

Tidalove, an environmentally conscious business specialising in self-care products, introduced its fluoride-containing toothpaste tablets to meet all oral and environmental needs without compromising on the other.

Since toothpaste tablets’ advent, efficiency and sustainability have been debated among dental and environmental groups.

This article will compare many features of toothpaste tablets and conventional toothpaste tubes to help you decide what’s best for you and your patients.

How are Toothpaste Tablets Environment-Friendly?

For decades, regular toothpaste has been sold in collapsible plastic tubes discarded after we finish them, contributing to the ever-increasing size of plastic landfills and ocean plastic waste.

In contrast, toothpaste tables are available in recyclable packaging. Furthermore, Tidalove has introduced reusable tin packs of toothpaste tablets, which can be refilled monthly, eliminating the plastic trash that comes with every new pack of regular toothpaste.

If you’re an environmentalist and an oral hygiene enthusiast like me, toothpaste tablets are a win-win situation for us and the environment.

Are Toothpaste Tablets Any More Convenient Than Regular Toothpaste?

Frequent travellers know the pain of adhering to tight liquid allowances on-air. Regular toothpastes often fall into the liquid category, so travellers frequently need to buy extra travel-sized tubes for luggage.

This is where toothpaste tablets step in. They are dry, compact, and, unlike regular toothpaste, don’t fall under the liquid category, making them a very convenient choice for carry-on baggage. They also don’t leak into your luggage or bag, making them a less messy travel-friendly option.

If you’re travelling somewhere with extreme weather, Tidalove toothpaste tablets will be your oral hygiene partner, as they have a lower chance of drying out than regular toothpaste.

These characteristics make them an obvious choice for a frequent traveller, hiker, or anyone looking for a convenient toothpaste option.

What Are The Constituents of Toothpaste Tablets?

Tidalove has formulated its toothpaste tablets to be as nature friendly as possible, free from harmful ingredients usually found in conventional toothpaste, like:

1.  Preservatives, e.g.parabens, which disrupt normal endocrine function by releasing oestrogen,
2.  Foaming agents like sodium lauryl sulphate can cause irritation, dryness and sensitivity.
3. Artificial colours

These tablets are also free of gluten and animal products, making them suitable for vegans and people with celiac disease.

While formulating toothpaste tablets and keeping the ingredients as natural as possible, many toothpaste tablet manufacturers tend to ignore an important player in maintaining oral health by fighting cavities, fluoride. Most manufacturers’ tablets contain only xylitol, an anti-cavity sugar, but alone is not enough to prevent cavities.

The absence of fluoride has led to criticism of toothpaste from the Dental community. Fluoride is an important element that reinforces enamel structure by replacing Hydroxyl ions in the Hydroxyapatite with fluoride ions, forming strong fluorapatite crystals more resistant to caries attacks. It also induces remineralisation in tooth structure, which is demineralised by the carious process.

According to the American Dental Association’s recommendation, Tidalove has introduced toothpaste tablets containing fluoride, the mainstay anti-caries agent. “We are thrilled to introduce Tidalove toothpaste tablets, a game-changer in oral care,” said Penny Choi, founder of Tidalove, at the launch of their toothpaste tablets, “Our fluoride-infused tablets offer a sustainable alternative to traditional toothpaste, allowing individuals to maintain their oral health while contributing to a cleaner planet.”

With the addition of fluoride in toothpaste tablets’ formulation, more dentists are likely to recommend it to their patients.

Apart from fluoride, Tidalove has formulated toothpaste tablets with the following beneficial EWG Green Grade ingredients:

1. Xylitol – the only anti-cavity sugar
2. Sodium bicarbonate – neutralises plaque-causing acid.
3. Hydroxyapatite – an important constituent of enamel structure
4. Silicon Dioxide – an anti-plaque agent
5. Green tea extract – anti-inflammatory effects
6. Apple extract – controls Halitosis (bad breath)
7. Rosemary Extract – eliminates bacteria.
8. Vitamins E, B6, and C: prevention of gum disease

Are Toothpaste Tablets as Efficient as Regular Toothpaste?

A major concern for a dental professional would be: Are these toothpaste tablets as efficient as conventional toothpaste?

The efficacy of toothpaste depends on its constituents having the ability to prevent cavities, gum disease and provide a clean, fresh smile.

Tidalove toothpaste tablets have many potent ingredients (as previously mentioned) that provide an efficient cleaning action, including fluoride, making it even better.

According to research comparing the abrasiveness of both toothpaste options by a micro-computed tomography analysis, toothpaste tablets were less abrasive than conventional toothpaste. This means that tablets provide a gentle brushing experience essential to maintaining the irreplaceable enamel layer. [1]

How to Use Toothpaste Tablets

Regular toothpaste tubes are easy to use; squeeze it out of the tube on the toothbrush, wet it and start tooth brushing. Toothpaste tablets may be odd for some people, mostly because it is a new experience, not because it’s difficult.

Using it is simple in just four easy steps:

1. Chew: take a Tidalove toothpaste tablet and place it in your mouth; chew the tablet to break it apart, and let it mix with saliva to form a paste.
2. Brush: use your soft-bristled toothbrush to brush your teeth; make sure to clean your tongue by the backside of the toothbrush or a tongue cleaner
3. Rinse: After brushing, rinse thoroughly with water. Some users may experience a gritty feeling, but another rinse would eliminate that feeling.
4. Smile: Enjoy a brighter smile every day.

What Else Does Tidalove Have to Offer?

Tidalove tablets offer a greener substitute for regular toothpaste by eliminating single-use plastic waste. Furthermore, you can purchase refills eliminating the need to buy another tin pack for storage. Tidalove offers these tablets in two delicious flavours: Sweet Cinnamon & Minty Yuzu. [https://tidalove.com/collections/oral-care].

References:

1. Shaikh M, Lund G, Ko J, Roque-Torres G, Oyoyo U, Kwon SR. Micro-computed tomography analysis of abrasivity of toothpaste tablets compared to conventional toothpaste. Am J Dent. 2021 Oct;34(5):235-239. PMID: 34689444.

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More than one quarter of research and development efforts in artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry are in radiology and imaging diagnostics, which has application in all dental specialisations. Recently, various valuable reviews were published that concluded that the AI approach to imaging technology is profoundly changing the established protocols of diagnosis in dentistry.

One of the applications of AI in dentistry is the use of deep learning to develop advanced imaging technologies and diagnostic tools that improve the accuracy and efficiency of dental diagnosis. However, despite its revolutionising potential, AI solutions are not yet part of routine dental practice for multiple, as yet unsolved reasons: the various difficulties of accessing and codifying complicated dental radiographic and other dental data; the need for continuous human oversight and standards based on evidence; ethical considerations around the use of data; the requirement for technical knowledge and acceptance of the dental profession.

In this article we consider the technology ‘computer vision’ which is based on deep learning, a form of artificial intelligence.

Computer Vision – AI that can Dramatically Improve Dental Imaging
The term ‘computer vision’ refers to a field of deep learning that focuses on the development of algorithms and systems that can interpret and understand visual data from the world around us. This includes tasks such as image and video recognition, object detection and tracking, and scene understanding.

Computer vision algorithms are typically trained on large datasets of labelled images, videos, and other visual data of teeth, oral cavity and other dental structures. This allows the algorithms to learn to recognise and classify different objects and scenes. Once trained, these algorithms can be used to process and analyse the minutiae of visual data in real-time.

A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a type of deep learning algorithm that is commonly used in the field of computer vision. CNNs are based on the structure of the human visual system, and are composed of multiple layers of interconnected ‘neurons’. A layer is a group of interconnected neurons that perform a specific task. Each neuron in a layer receives input from other neurons in the previous layer, processes the input using a mathematical operation, and then passes the result to the next layer. In dentistry specific applications include identifying tooth decay, detecting dental anomalies and recognising different types of dental materials. CNNs can provide an added value and decision support tool for dental imaging for example because they can detect micro features much more precisely than the human eye, thereby helping clinicians to make more accurate diagnoses and improve patient outcomes.

Computer vision algorithms typically use digital images as input, and these images are typically captured using digital cameras or other imaging devices. Digital images are composed of pixels, which are tiny individual elements that can be individually assigned colours or intensities.

In order to capture images for use with computer vision algorithms, a digital camera or other imaging device is used to record the colours and intensities of the light that is reflected off of the objects in the scene. This light is focused onto a light-sensitive sensor, which converts the light into a digital representation of the image.

A Stepping Stone to Computer Vision
CBCT improves diagnostic capabilities of dentists, but computer vision is a potential gamechanger.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a type of imaging technology that uses X-rays to produce high-resolution 3D images of the teeth and surrounding structures. This allows for the detection of tooth root canal spaces and periapical areas, and can be used for the evaluation of dental infection and pathology. Whilst it is related to computer vision in that it involves the processing and analysis of visual data, CBCT is not typically considered to be a type of computer vision.

However, compared with traditional imaging methods, CBCT offers several advantages. It produces detailed images without distortion or superimposition of structures, and allows for the import and export of digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) data for other applications. In addition, CBCT is associated with a lower radiation dose compared to medical computed tomography (CT), making it safer for patients.

One challenge in the use of CBCT is the need for large amounts of high-quality training data in order to train the AI algorithms that are used to interpret the images. However, recent advances in deep learning have made it possible to train neural networks on large datasets, and this is enabling the development of more accurate and reliable CBCT systems for dental diagnosis.

In contrast, computer vision algorithms are typically trained on digital images, which are composed of pixels that can be individually assigned colours or intensities. CBCT image data is not directly compatible with computer vision algorithms, and must be processed and converted into a suitable format before it can be used as input for these algorithms.

Conclusion
The current status of AI in dental imaging and diagnosis is that there is widespread use amongst practitioners of x-ray to 3D scans, which provides a better experience for, and assists in communication with patients. There is very limited use among practising clinicians of AI in computer vision, such as CNN. This latter area is the one which will provide greater assistance to diagnosis and improve patient outcomes, and practitioners are wise to learn about these capabilities as the technologies develop.

What do you think about the potential impact and benefits of AI in the dental profession? Is learning about AI on your list for personal professional development? How interested are you in using AI in your practice?

Michelle Mason
m.r.mason04@gmail.com

Sources:

Adnan, N., Umer F. (2022), Understanding Deep Learning – Challenges and Prospects, eCommons@AKU

Thurzo A et al (2022), Where is the Artificial Intelligence Applied in Dentistry? Systematic Review

Ezhov, M., et al (2021), Clinically Applicable Artificial Intelligence System for Dental Diagnosis with CBCT

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The Challenge of Protecting Dental Data in Era of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) will transform dental practices providing dental practitioners with smart tools that they can use to deliver improved patient outcomes and increase the availability of high-quality dental care for people across all economic segments of society. One obstacle to increased adoption of AI in dentistry is the range of ethical issues that have yet to be solved. AI is a nascent technology which is not understood fully, even by its proponents and developers, even if this is not always admitted. In addition, people effectively work in silos as they are in competition with one another to provide solutions, meaning learning is not systematically shared.

Dentists have a professional responsibility to ensure they are using AI in an ethical and responsible manner, and to stay up to date with the risks as well as the benefits of AI in dentistry. This article examines the ethical considerations involved with data privacy that dental practitioners should be aware of in the use of AI in dentistry.

Applying Australian data protection laws to AI

The use of AI in dentistry often involves the collection, storage, and processing of sensitive personal data, such as medical records, diagnostic images, and treatment plans. It is important to ensure that this data is protected and kept confidential in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

In Australia, dentists are subject to a number of laws that deal with data protection and privacy, including the Privacy Act 1988, the Health Records Act 2001 plus various industry-specific privacy codes and guidelines.

The Privacy Act 1988 is the main federal law that applies to the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information in the private sector, including in the healthcare industry. It sets out a number of principles that organisations must follow when handling personal information, including the requirement that they only collect, use, or disclose this information for a lawful purpose, and that they take reasonable steps to ensure that it is accurate, up-to-date, and relevant.

The Health Records Act 2001 is a federal law that specifically applies to the collection, use, and disclosure of personal health information in Australia. It applies to both the public and private sectors, and sets out a number of rules that organisations must follow when handling this type of information.

In addition to these laws, there are also a number of industry-specific privacy codes and guidelines that apply to the healthcare industry, including the National Privacy Principles (NPPs) and the Australian Privacy Principles (APPs), which set out more detailed guidance on how organisations should handle personal information.

Dentists in Australia are required to comply with all of these laws and guidelines when handling personal information, including data protection and privacy laws. They must also ensure that they have appropriate safeguards in place to protect this information from unauthorised access, use or disclosure.

How dental data is used in AI systems

The lifeblood of AI systems is sizable, accurate datasets to train on. The size of the datasets used to train AI systems in dentistry can vary significantly depending on the specific application and the type of data being used. Some AI systems may be trained on relatively small datasets, while others may require much larger datasets in order to achieve good performance.

For example, an AI system designed to classify dental images into different categories (e.g., healthy vs. unhealthy teeth) might be trained on a dataset of several thousand images. On the other hand, an AI system designed to predict the likelihood of a patient developing a particular dental condition based on a range of factors (e.g., medical history, demographic data and dental images) might require a dataset with tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of data points in order to accurately make predictions.

In general, the larger and more diverse the dataset used to train an AI system, the more accurate and reliable it is likely to be. However, it is critical to ensure that the data used to train AI systems is of high quality, is representative of the diversity of humanity and is free from biases or errors. Dental professionals must be aware of the data protection issues that affect any data they supply from their practices to third parties and also to be aware of the data protection issues involved in the AI systems they utilise in their practices. Data collection points include client dental records, dental imaging from x-rays and 3D scans, wearable devices, sensors embedded in toothbrushes and mouthguards, and online data collection.

Active steps dentists can take to protect client data

In an AI world, dentists have a responsibility to protect the data of their clients. There are several steps that dentists can take to ensure that client data is secure:
1. Use secure servers and storage systems: Dentists should use servers and storage systems that are secure and encrypted to store client data to minimise data breaches by hackers or other bad actors.
2. Implement strong passwords: Dentists should use strong passwords for all accounts and devices that handle client data.
3. Train employees: Dentists should train their employees on how to handle client data securely. This includes educating them on the importance of using strong passwords, avoiding sharing passwords, and not accessing client data unless it is necessary for their job.
4. Use two-factor authentication: Dentists should use two-factor authentication whenever possible to add an extra layer of security to client data.
5. Regularly update software: Dentists should make sure that all software is regularly updated to ensure that it is secure and free of vulnerabilities.
6. Active consent: Patients should be fully informed about how their data may be used for AI system training, and they should be given the opportunity to opt out. This prevents unauthorised use and usage without their knowledge or consent.

By taking these steps, dentists can protect the data of their clients and ensure that it is not accessed by unauthorised parties.

AI will deliver a revolution in dental care via providing dental practitioners with dramatically improved diagnostics, predictive tools and treatment planning and more, with improved patient outcomes and increased affordability as primary benefits. This article has outlined the ethical issues that are currently an obstacle to faster development and adoption of these benefits.

Michelle Mason
m.r.mason04@gmail.com

Sources:
K. H. Keskinbora, (2020). Medical ethics considerations on artificial intelligence, Journal of Clinical Neuroscience

Favaretto M, Shaw D, De Clercq E, Joda T, Elger BS., (2020). Big Data and Digitalization in Dentistry: A Systematic Review of the Ethical Issues. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17(7):2495.

C.M. Mörch, S. Atsu, W. Cai, X. Li, et al., (2021-12-01). Artificial Intelligence and Ethics in Dentistry: A Scoping Review, Journal of Dental Research, SAGE Publications

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PO Box 2345, Parramatta NSW 1750 Australia

T: 1800 118 991
E: editor@thedentalreview.com.au 

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