Toothpaste is typically sold in liquid or gel form in collapsible tubes. These toothpaste tubes are made of plastic and aluminium, none of which can be recycled.

Impact of Toothpaste Tubes on Environmental Pollution

According to the World Health Organisation, the average person consumes six toothpaste tubes annually. Therefore millions of people will use billions of toothpaste tubes each year. Such consumption causes grave environmental damage, as heaps of plastic waste pile up yearly.

According to recycling experts from the independent eco-labelling programmes in Australia, toothpaste tubes are tough to recycle as they are made of various plastics and glazed metal, which makes recycling them even more challenging. Only 10% of the 1.5 billion toothpaste tubes discarded each year are recycled, meaning about 1.3 billion end up in landfill, incinerators and oceans, upsetting the fragile ecological balance.

Plastic waste in landfills and oceans disrupts food chains and ecosystems and takes hundreds of years to degrade. Plastic waste seriously threatens sea animals, which can choke on plastic trash. Microplastics have been detected in seafood.

Toothpaste tubes are a major contributor to non-recyclable plastic waste, leading environmental experts to demand action from toothpaste manufacturers. To tackle this problem of ever-increasing plastic waste from discarded toothpaste tubes, researchers introduced toothpaste tablets in 2007, marketed as a sustainable alternative to conventional toothpaste tubes.

What Are Toothpaste Tablets?

Now you might be wondering what toothpaste tablets are. They are dry, compressed discs that can be crushed and mixed with water to form a paste. They are marketed as having a major edge over conventional plastic tubes due to their recyclable packaging. Additionally, they are promoted among environmentalist groups as consisting of ingredients free from animal testing and cruelty.

Tidalove, an environmentally conscious business specialising in self-care products, introduced its fluoride-containing toothpaste tablets to meet all oral and environmental needs without compromising on the other.

Since toothpaste tablets’ advent, efficiency and sustainability have been debated among dental and environmental groups.

This article will compare many features of toothpaste tablets and conventional toothpaste tubes to help you decide what’s best for you and your patients.

How are Toothpaste Tablets Environment-Friendly?

For decades, regular toothpaste has been sold in collapsible plastic tubes discarded after we finish them, contributing to the ever-increasing size of plastic landfills and ocean plastic waste.

In contrast, toothpaste tables are available in recyclable packaging. Furthermore, Tidalove has introduced reusable tin packs of toothpaste tablets, which can be refilled monthly, eliminating the plastic trash that comes with every new pack of regular toothpaste.

If you’re an environmentalist and an oral hygiene enthusiast like me, toothpaste tablets are a win-win situation for us and the environment.

Are Toothpaste Tablets Any More Convenient Than Regular Toothpaste?

Frequent travellers know the pain of adhering to tight liquid allowances on-air. Regular toothpastes often fall into the liquid category, so travellers frequently need to buy extra travel-sized tubes for luggage.

This is where toothpaste tablets step in. They are dry, compact, and, unlike regular toothpaste, don’t fall under the liquid category, making them a very convenient choice for carry-on baggage. They also don’t leak into your luggage or bag, making them a less messy travel-friendly option.

If you’re travelling somewhere with extreme weather, Tidalove toothpaste tablets will be your oral hygiene partner, as they have a lower chance of drying out than regular toothpaste.

These characteristics make them an obvious choice for a frequent traveller, hiker, or anyone looking for a convenient toothpaste option.

What Are The Constituents of Toothpaste Tablets?

Tidalove has formulated its toothpaste tablets to be as nature friendly as possible, free from harmful ingredients usually found in conventional toothpaste, like:

1.  Preservatives, e.g.parabens, which disrupt normal endocrine function by releasing oestrogen,
2.  Foaming agents like sodium lauryl sulphate can cause irritation, dryness and sensitivity.
3. Artificial colours

These tablets are also free of gluten and animal products, making them suitable for vegans and people with celiac disease.

While formulating toothpaste tablets and keeping the ingredients as natural as possible, many toothpaste tablet manufacturers tend to ignore an important player in maintaining oral health by fighting cavities, fluoride. Most manufacturers’ tablets contain only xylitol, an anti-cavity sugar, but alone is not enough to prevent cavities.

The absence of fluoride has led to criticism of toothpaste from the Dental community. Fluoride is an important element that reinforces enamel structure by replacing Hydroxyl ions in the Hydroxyapatite with fluoride ions, forming strong fluorapatite crystals more resistant to caries attacks. It also induces remineralisation in tooth structure, which is demineralised by the carious process.

According to the American Dental Association’s recommendation, Tidalove has introduced toothpaste tablets containing fluoride, the mainstay anti-caries agent. “We are thrilled to introduce Tidalove toothpaste tablets, a game-changer in oral care,” said Penny Choi, founder of Tidalove, at the launch of their toothpaste tablets, “Our fluoride-infused tablets offer a sustainable alternative to traditional toothpaste, allowing individuals to maintain their oral health while contributing to a cleaner planet.”

With the addition of fluoride in toothpaste tablets’ formulation, more dentists are likely to recommend it to their patients.

Apart from fluoride, Tidalove has formulated toothpaste tablets with the following beneficial EWG Green Grade ingredients:

1. Xylitol – the only anti-cavity sugar
2. Sodium bicarbonate – neutralises plaque-causing acid.
3. Hydroxyapatite – an important constituent of enamel structure
4. Silicon Dioxide – an anti-plaque agent
5. Green tea extract – anti-inflammatory effects
6. Apple extract – controls Halitosis (bad breath)
7. Rosemary Extract – eliminates bacteria.
8. Vitamins E, B6, and C: prevention of gum disease

Are Toothpaste Tablets as Efficient as Regular Toothpaste?

A major concern for a dental professional would be: Are these toothpaste tablets as efficient as conventional toothpaste?

The efficacy of toothpaste depends on its constituents having the ability to prevent cavities, gum disease and provide a clean, fresh smile.

Tidalove toothpaste tablets have many potent ingredients (as previously mentioned) that provide an efficient cleaning action, including fluoride, making it even better.

According to research comparing the abrasiveness of both toothpaste options by a micro-computed tomography analysis, toothpaste tablets were less abrasive than conventional toothpaste. This means that tablets provide a gentle brushing experience essential to maintaining the irreplaceable enamel layer. [1]

How to Use Toothpaste Tablets

Regular toothpaste tubes are easy to use; squeeze it out of the tube on the toothbrush, wet it and start tooth brushing. Toothpaste tablets may be odd for some people, mostly because it is a new experience, not because it’s difficult.

Using it is simple in just four easy steps:

1. Chew: take a Tidalove toothpaste tablet and place it in your mouth; chew the tablet to break it apart, and let it mix with saliva to form a paste.
2. Brush: use your soft-bristled toothbrush to brush your teeth; make sure to clean your tongue by the backside of the toothbrush or a tongue cleaner
3. Rinse: After brushing, rinse thoroughly with water. Some users may experience a gritty feeling, but another rinse would eliminate that feeling.
4. Smile: Enjoy a brighter smile every day.

What Else Does Tidalove Have to Offer?

Tidalove tablets offer a greener substitute for regular toothpaste by eliminating single-use plastic waste. Furthermore, you can purchase refills eliminating the need to buy another tin pack for storage. Tidalove offers these tablets in two delicious flavours: Sweet Cinnamon & Minty Yuzu. [https://tidalove.com/collections/oral-care].

References:

1. Shaikh M, Lund G, Ko J, Roque-Torres G, Oyoyo U, Kwon SR. Micro-computed tomography analysis of abrasivity of toothpaste tablets compared to conventional toothpaste. Am J Dent. 2021 Oct;34(5):235-239. PMID: 34689444.

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Dentists play an important role in the early detection of oral cancer. They can use various tools and techniques to aid in detection, including visual examination, palpation, and imaging technologies such as autofluorescence visualisation.

Autofluorescence is the natural emission of fluorescent light by certain tissue molecules when they are excited by specific wavelengths of light. In the context of oral lesions and cancers, autofluorescence refers to the characteristic fluorescence emitted by normal and abnormal oral tissues when illuminated with violet/blue light. Normal and abnormal oral tissues have different fluorescence profiles, and premalignant and malignant tissues often exhibit a loss of autofluorescence, especially in the green wavelength range. This loss of autofluorescence can be used to differentiate between malignant and surrounding normal tissues.

By using specialised imaging equipment, healthcare professionals can visualise the fluorescence emitted by the oral tissues and identify areas of abnormal fluorescence that may indicate the presence of premalignant or malignant lesions. Autofluorescence visualisation can be used in addition to conventional white-light examination to improve the detection of oral premalignant lesions and oral cancers.

A study published in the National Institute of Health [“Autofluorescence-Guided Surveillance for Oral Cancer” Vijayvel Jayaprakash et al. complete article below] found that adding autofluorescence visualisation to conventional white-light examination improved surveillance sensitivity for detecting oral premalignant lesions and oral cancers from 71% to 91% while maintaining a high specificity of 93%. The positive predictive value of the combined approach was 85%, compared to 67% for white-light examination alone.

These findings suggest that autofluorescence visualisation could be a useful complementary diagnostic aid in the surveillance of high-risk patient populations. However, it is important to note that further refinement in autofluorescence technology and the development of adjunct genetic and molecular markers may be needed to improve the specificity of this technique.

Conclusion

Autofluorescence visualisation is a promising new tool for the early detection of oral cancer. However, more research is needed to improve the specificity of this technique. In the meantime, dentists can use autofluorescence visualisation as a complementary diagnostic aid in the surveillance of high-risk patient populations.

The post Autofluorescence and its use in the early detection of oral cancer appeared first on The Dental Review.

Lung cancer was on the rise, yet there was not enough evidence linking smoking to it. Cigarette companies convinced doctors that throat irritation associated with smoking was due to environmental pollution and a lack of menthol, not the smoking itself.

It was not until the late 1950s that doctors realised smoking was harmful and publicly declared it a direct cause of lung cancer in 1957.

With the advent of fast-paced research in the 21st century, doctors are determined not to repeat this mistake with vaping. Yes, vaping is the new “smoking,” the fun-flavoured e-cigarette you might have seen your friends use, most of whom say it is not harmful, even advocating it as a healthier alternative to smoking.

As a dentist, we must be equipped with the correct knowledge about this new prevalent habit, its effects on oral health and be ready to help our patients with the right approach.

What is Vaping?

Vaping, a short form of Vaporizing, is inhaling and exhaling the aerosol produced by an electronic cigarette, commonly known as a vape pen. This vape pen contains a liquid known as vaping juice, available in various attractive flavours and contains many chemicals, including nicotine. This liquid vape juice is heated, turned into vapours (hence the name), and inhaled by users.

According to research, vaping has skyrocketed to more than 1500% increase in users between 2019 and 2021. The latest numbers are even more alarming; according to an early 2023 survey, more than 3.5 million Australians use vape or smoke, with the majority being teenagers.

Why do people vape?

Like cigarettes, manufacturers have advertised vaping as the symbol of youth and being in vogue, attracting many teenagers to use it out of curiosity and try the many attractive flavours.

Teenagers are also pulled into the vaping habit by peer pressure. It is cheaper than regular cigarettes and readily available at stores. Moreover, it is easier to hide from parents, available in small shapes and sizes, no more than a USB flash drive.

Is not vaping better than smoking?

Numerous people who smoke regularly switch to vaping as their first attempt to quit, claiming it is better than smoking. They cite early research suggesting that vaping exposes fewer toxins, not producing tar and carbon monoxide like smoking.

However, vaping is not without its associated risks; it contains nicotine (responsible for addiction), inhibits brain development in teenagers and causes smoking-like respiratory problems, i.e. asthma and bronchitis.

No one ever thought that smoking could be fatal until the 2019 outbreak of E-cigarette associated lung injuries that hospitalised more than 2800 individuals, resulting in the death of 64 individuals. This incident raised grave concerns about the safety of using e-cigarettes.

For smokers considering vaping to quit smoking, there are other practical and proven ways to overcome this habit, like counselling and medication. Talking to a health professional about it is the best way to make an informed decision.

Know that vape is not a smoking cessation product, and as we will discuss below, it is just as detrimental to our oral health as it is to our physical health.

Effects of Vaping on Oral Health?

The effects of smoking and vaping on the lungs and other body systems are widely discussed, but the impact on oral health is often overlooked. Our duty as oral health professionals is to be well informed on the effects of vaping on oral health as an emerging healthcare problem.

Like cigarette smoking, vaping can cause gum irritation, leading to bleeding and, finally development of periodontal disease. Weak periodontal tissues lead to gum recession, eventually resulting in the loss of mobile teeth. You then need a prosthesis like a dental implant to replace the lost tooth, but does vaping spare even that?

Well, studies show that vaping decreases implant success by constricting blood arteries that cause poor perfusion and delayed healing of the implant surgical site.

Even if healing occurs, vape users are more prone to peri-implantitis (inflammation around the implants). A study found vaping to be the primary causal factor of peri-implantitis by inducing inflammatory reactions in oral epithelial cells and periodontal fibroblasts.

Clinically vape users showed the poorest prognosis when treated for peri-implantitis, followed by smokers and non-smokers (who showed the best prognosis).

All these periodontal issues are linked to nicotine, the equally main culprit in cigarette smoking. A famous vape manufacturer claims it is as efficient in delivering nicotine as a cigarette, just 2.7% faster. However, many manufacturers under-label the nicotine content in their e-cigarettes.

Vape users are at a higher risk of developing caries. According to a survey, vape users are 79% more prone to develop caries, linked to 2 reasons: Xerostomia & Harmful Ingredients that promote the carious process.

Vape users have reported symptoms of dry mouth (xerostomia) linked to 1)the heat produced by the vape and 2)a volatile ingredient: isopropyl alcohol. Isopropyl alcohol reduces the secretion of saliva and acts as a diuretic, resulting in dehydration and, eventually, dry mouth. This mechanism inhibits saliva’s natural flushing action, allowing more carious organisms to thrive and cause cavitation.

Apart from nicotine, vape juice has another harmful ingredient: sticky MCT oil, enabling more microorganisms and sugars to adhere to the tooth surfaces, releasing acids and causing demineralisation. Additionally, some vape juice flavours can cause more biofilm (plaque) formation, aiding adherence of sugars and carious microorganisms.

Vapes are electronic devices powered by lithium batteries to heat the vape liquid. These batteries can get overheated and result in an explosion, causing burns and terrible injuries. According to US FDA, there were over 2000 Emergency room visits for a vape explosion from 2015 to 2017. These injuries significantly affect nicotine users due to impaired immunity, constricted perfusion, and reduced connective tissue turnover.

How to prevent the adverse effects of Vaping?

As mentioned previously, vape users are at a higher risk of developing caries and periodontal disease. They need to be extra careful about their oral health. Maintaining oral hygiene is important:

Brushing twice daily, once before bed and once after breakfast, with a fluoride-containing toothpaste
Use of floss in the interdental spaces to prevent food lodgement and restrict the carious process
Regularly visiting the dentist, so they can detect any early signs of oral disease, treating it in its early stages.
Switch to nicotine-free vape juice alternatives and gradually reduce its usage.
How can we help vape users as Dental professionals?

Dentists have a crucial role in educating patients about vaping in a helpful, friendly manner.

Most vape users are teenagers and should be approached conversationally, like asking them if they know someone who vapes, what they think about vaping, and if they know about the effects of vaping on health. This approach will help build trust with the patient and then gradually explain specific oral health risks to them.

Adult vape users, especially those trying to quit smoking, are more receptive to advice. They should be informed of smoking cessation options, such as chewing gums and medications, that are nicotine free and more suitable for smoking cessation.

The most crucial task for the clinician is to screen for any developing diseases in vape users and use any preventive measures like fluoride sealants and restoration of early carious lesions to stop the disease from developing in the first place. Particular attention should be given to periodontal tissues.

More research is yet needed to understand the effects of vaping on oral health. Dentists can access more data than any researcher; they should document and report oral healthcare findings to better understand potential risks.

Conclusion

In conclusion, even though vaping may be considered a “safer” alternative to smoking, it poses potential risks to your dental health. Dentists are essential in helping people make educated decisions regarding their vaping habits by being aware of the potential impacts and adopting preventative measures to protect their oral health.

References

Kim, S.A., Smith S., Beauchamp, C., Song, Y., Chiang, M. Giuseppetti, A.… Kim, J.J. (2018). Effects of E-cigarette liquids on oral microbiome and enamel properties. Journal of Dental Hygiene, 92(6), 10-18.

Farsalinos, K. E., & Polosa, R. (2014). Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety, 5(2), 67-86.

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2022). National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2021: Detailed findings. Drug statistics series no. 37. Cat. No. PHE 310. Canberra: AIHW.

AlJasser, R., Zahid, M., AlSarhan, M., AlOtaibi, D., & AlOraini, S. (2021). The effect of conventional versus electronic cigarette use on treatment outcomes of peri-implant disease. BMC Oral Health, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01784-w

The post Vaping and Oral Health: Unveiling the risks behind the Vape Clouds appeared first on The Dental Review.

Its aim is to improve the health and quality of life of vulnerable people with poor oral health through the provision of pro bono dental treatment, education programs and advocacy.

Working with a number of registered charities, the programs prioritise those most in need, including asylum seekers, refugees and disadvantaged people who are unable to access mainstream dental services. This would not happen without the support of many volunteer dentists involved in the program.

In the past two years, Filling the Gap has facilitated more than 2000 appointments at the ADA NSW clinic in St Leonards and within volunteer private dental practices. It is estimated the total value of these appointments is over one million dollars.

Chair of Filling the Gap, Dr Jodie Olivier, said the dental clinics offer many opportunities to help others which in turn can have a profound impact on their lives.

“Most dentists I know have an innate desire to help people. Through volunteering with Filling the Gap we have the opportunity to do just that – the simple, yet enormous act of helping people,” Dr Olivier said.

“For the vulnerable groups that are referred to us, pro bono dentistry through the Filling the Gap and ADA Dental Health Foundation programs we facilitate are a lifeline to dental care.

“My work colleagues and I have firsthand experience of patients’ appreciation of the basic dental services that we often take for granted – relief of pain, fixing a broken tooth or the provision of dentures. I look forward to volunteering again for Filling the Gap…and again and again and again.”

Volunteer or donate today

Dental practitioners are encouraged to assist in providing pro bono dental services to disadvantaged people in our community through Filling the Gap and ADA Dental Health Foundation programs.

The programs are currently experiencing a long waiting list of referred patients. In particular, Filling the Gap are looking for volunteers willing to help by treating vulnerable people in your clinic, especially during the first six months of this year to June.

“Take the leap, and volunteer your practice to provide pro bono dental care to those in need. Our team can find the program that suits you. Each patient treated is one step closer to filling the gap,” said Dr Olivier.

Click https://bit.ly/3vyzYwd to download the Volunteer Welcome Pack. Here you will find all the information you need, detailing the options for volunteering your time and expertise. Contact the team today at smile@fillingthegap.org.au to express your interest.

Filling the Gap also accepts donations which are invaluable in helping us provide much needed dental aid to disadvantaged people suffering pain and dental disease. To make a donation, visit www.fillingthegap.org.au/donate

LISTEN NOW:
Filling the Gap podcast

To learn more about Filling the Gap, listen to the latest episode of The Dental Practitioner podcast which gives a look inside the dental charity.

During this episode, we learn more about Filling the Gap and how dentists can volunteer their time and make a difference in the lives of others.

To listen to the podcast, visit:

www.adansw.com.au/CPD/podcasts/dentalpractitioner

The post Pro bono dental treatment with life changing impact appeared first on The Dental Review.

More than one quarter of research and development efforts in artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry are in radiology and imaging diagnostics, which has application in all dental specialisations. Recently, various valuable reviews were published that concluded that the AI approach to imaging technology is profoundly changing the established protocols of diagnosis in dentistry.

One of the applications of AI in dentistry is the use of deep learning to develop advanced imaging technologies and diagnostic tools that improve the accuracy and efficiency of dental diagnosis. However, despite its revolutionising potential, AI solutions are not yet part of routine dental practice for multiple, as yet unsolved reasons: the various difficulties of accessing and codifying complicated dental radiographic and other dental data; the need for continuous human oversight and standards based on evidence; ethical considerations around the use of data; the requirement for technical knowledge and acceptance of the dental profession.

In this article we consider the technology ‘computer vision’ which is based on deep learning, a form of artificial intelligence.

Computer Vision – AI that can Dramatically Improve Dental Imaging
The term ‘computer vision’ refers to a field of deep learning that focuses on the development of algorithms and systems that can interpret and understand visual data from the world around us. This includes tasks such as image and video recognition, object detection and tracking, and scene understanding.

Computer vision algorithms are typically trained on large datasets of labelled images, videos, and other visual data of teeth, oral cavity and other dental structures. This allows the algorithms to learn to recognise and classify different objects and scenes. Once trained, these algorithms can be used to process and analyse the minutiae of visual data in real-time.

A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a type of deep learning algorithm that is commonly used in the field of computer vision. CNNs are based on the structure of the human visual system, and are composed of multiple layers of interconnected ‘neurons’. A layer is a group of interconnected neurons that perform a specific task. Each neuron in a layer receives input from other neurons in the previous layer, processes the input using a mathematical operation, and then passes the result to the next layer. In dentistry specific applications include identifying tooth decay, detecting dental anomalies and recognising different types of dental materials. CNNs can provide an added value and decision support tool for dental imaging for example because they can detect micro features much more precisely than the human eye, thereby helping clinicians to make more accurate diagnoses and improve patient outcomes.

Computer vision algorithms typically use digital images as input, and these images are typically captured using digital cameras or other imaging devices. Digital images are composed of pixels, which are tiny individual elements that can be individually assigned colours or intensities.

In order to capture images for use with computer vision algorithms, a digital camera or other imaging device is used to record the colours and intensities of the light that is reflected off of the objects in the scene. This light is focused onto a light-sensitive sensor, which converts the light into a digital representation of the image.

A Stepping Stone to Computer Vision
CBCT improves diagnostic capabilities of dentists, but computer vision is a potential gamechanger.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a type of imaging technology that uses X-rays to produce high-resolution 3D images of the teeth and surrounding structures. This allows for the detection of tooth root canal spaces and periapical areas, and can be used for the evaluation of dental infection and pathology. Whilst it is related to computer vision in that it involves the processing and analysis of visual data, CBCT is not typically considered to be a type of computer vision.

However, compared with traditional imaging methods, CBCT offers several advantages. It produces detailed images without distortion or superimposition of structures, and allows for the import and export of digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) data for other applications. In addition, CBCT is associated with a lower radiation dose compared to medical computed tomography (CT), making it safer for patients.

One challenge in the use of CBCT is the need for large amounts of high-quality training data in order to train the AI algorithms that are used to interpret the images. However, recent advances in deep learning have made it possible to train neural networks on large datasets, and this is enabling the development of more accurate and reliable CBCT systems for dental diagnosis.

In contrast, computer vision algorithms are typically trained on digital images, which are composed of pixels that can be individually assigned colours or intensities. CBCT image data is not directly compatible with computer vision algorithms, and must be processed and converted into a suitable format before it can be used as input for these algorithms.

Conclusion
The current status of AI in dental imaging and diagnosis is that there is widespread use amongst practitioners of x-ray to 3D scans, which provides a better experience for, and assists in communication with patients. There is very limited use among practising clinicians of AI in computer vision, such as CNN. This latter area is the one which will provide greater assistance to diagnosis and improve patient outcomes, and practitioners are wise to learn about these capabilities as the technologies develop.

What do you think about the potential impact and benefits of AI in the dental profession? Is learning about AI on your list for personal professional development? How interested are you in using AI in your practice?

Michelle Mason
m.r.mason04@gmail.com

Sources:

Adnan, N., Umer F. (2022), Understanding Deep Learning – Challenges and Prospects, eCommons@AKU

Thurzo A et al (2022), Where is the Artificial Intelligence Applied in Dentistry? Systematic Review

Ezhov, M., et al (2021), Clinically Applicable Artificial Intelligence System for Dental Diagnosis with CBCT

The post Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry – A Profound Change Diagnostic Protocols is Coming appeared first on The Dental Review.

Patients are the most significant stakeholders in dentistry, and their safety and hygiene are the top priorities of the dental professional. Dental procedures are reliant on the use of cutting instruments that have a working end, known as a bur. Inadequately sterilised burs are one of many causes of cross-contamination. They must be thoroughly cleaned and sterilised, but some residual microbes can remain on the burs, transmitting the infection to the next patient. For this reason, single-use burs have been introduced in the dental market, as they are pre-sterilised, packaged, and ready to use as soon as a patient sits in the dental chair.

Burs come in various materials, the most common being tungsten carbide and diamonds. Since their advent in 1897 by William and Schroeder at the University of Berlin in Germany, diamond burs have become a standard practice in dental care due to their superior sharpness, durability, and tooth-cutting properties. Burs are sterilised by steam in an autoclave and reused on several patients.

The outbreaks of HIV/AIDS (1980s) and Hepatitis C (1990s) in dental patients have reinforced the standards of cross-infection control. The Centre for Disease Control advised using general safety measures for dental treatment in 1982, including autoclaving, using ETOX, or chemically sterilising dental instruments after each use.

Though these sterilisation measures are effective, they are tedious, time-consuming, and require expensive equipment. Some hardy microbes can still be found even after following strict sterilisation protocols, which can lead to cross-contamination.

Additionally, patients cannot be certain that their dentist has properly sterilised the burs, which raises severe questions regarding the safety of reusing burs.

Reusable diamond burs become less efficient at cutting after being used on numerous patients, which can cause pain and discomfort during cavity preparation and require more time than a fresh, sharper bur.

Due to these issues with bur dullness, sterility, and particularly inadequate cross-infection control, single-use burs were introduced in the early 1990s. They became popular when the CDC recommended that single-use burs be used whenever possible as they limit infection transmission, particularly to and from immunocompromised patients.

The rising popularity of Single-Use burs

The ever-increasing patient load in dental practices pushes dentists to streamline their workflow. Washing, packing, sterilising, and reusing dental instruments, especially burs, are major hindrances in the workflow.

Pre-sterilised single-use burs packed in individual pop-up blisters are a promising solution for dental practices to improve their workflow. These single-use burs are ready to use immediately, eliminating the misery of waiting for the sterilisation cycle to end or for the instruments to cool down.

Even when autoclaved, reusable burs are not 100 per cent sterile. Concerns for cross-infection control led researchers to develop single-use burs. Moreover, the pop-out sound of the new single-use bur reminds the patient that the procedure will be germ-free.

Traditional reusable burs tend to dull after multiple cycles of use and autoclaving. As the bur dulls, it becomes less effective in cutting, taking much longer and causing greater discomfort to the patient. As the name suggests, single-use burs are only used once in their sharp new form and thus don’t dull, making the operation much more pleasant for both the operator and the patients.

Single-use burs have thus introduced a new level of patient comfort and quality of dental work. Patients are now more satisfied with the dental experience; according to research published in the Journal of American Dental Association in 2018, patients treated with a single-use bur were more content as they experienced less pain, increased comfort, and greater overall satisfaction. [2]

Dentists are also happy using sterile single-use burs that provide an efficient cutting experience. According to a study published in the Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice in 2020, 90% of Dentists that used single-use burs were content with their use and would recommend them to fellow dentists. [3]

Reusable Diamond burs, as the name suggests, are also quite expensive compared to single-use burs.

Single-use Burs in Australia: a look at the Local Perspective

Like the rest of the world, Australian dentists recognise the value of single-use burs in modern dental practice. Research suggests that an increasing number of Australian dentists are utilising these burs, discarding them after a single use.

Considering this need for modern Australian dental practices, Norlin Dental offers NB NOVA single-use diamond burs at an extraordinarily low price. They are manufactured according to the ISO international standards. NB NOVA single-use burs are designed with a single layer of geometrically cut diamond pieces embedded in a layer of chromium that provide a sharp cutting edge for the enamel or dentine surface while minimising pain and discomfort for the patient. The chromium layer gives the bur anti-friction properties, preventing heat buildup and thermal damage to the pulp.

Scanning Electron Microscope analysis reveals that NB NOVA has better abrasive action than a standard bur due to a reduced bonding layer and enhanced diamond grain exposure, allowing for debris removal. This results in an extremely efficient cutting.

For the dentist, it means reaping the benefits of a new bur every time. The luxury of a new bur, such as the convenience of a consistent hand position for efficient cutting, becomes a normal routine with these burs. The clinic’s cost is also dramatically reduced as these burs are pocket- and handpiece-friendly. Dental turbines have a longer lifespan thanks to optimal dimensional tolerances.

NB NOVA: multiple designs fit for many clinical applications

Every clinical procedure in dentistry requires a specific instrument due to the anatomy of anterior and posterior teeth and various tooth preparations like Inlays, onlays, Crowns & Bridges. Considering this, NB NOVA has designed multiple burs with different shapes according to ISO standards.

Amalgam & Composites

Amalgam has been the pioneer of filling materials in dentistry. In the most common Class I &I I cavities, Amalgam has specific requirements to resist occlusal forces and retain itself in the cavity. NB NOVA single-use round burs are recommended according to the ISO 801 code for initial entry into the cavity.

Amalgam is retained in the cavity by preparing the vertical walls to converge occlusal. The NB NOVA Inverted Cone Bur and pear-shaped bur are recommended for this cavity feature, as their inherent shape automatically creates the desired cavity configuration.

Although a composite requires no specific cavity shape, a standardised preparation enhances its retention in larger cavities.

Inlays and Onlays

Inlays and onlays are prepared outside the patient’s mouth (in the dental laboratory). Precise cavity preparations are necessary for Inlays and onlays to cement into place, and NB NOVA burs ensure that. Initial entry is done with a round bur, as with Amalgam and Composites.

The recommended football or wheel-shaped bur performs occlusal and lingual reductions. The flat and round-end cylinder completes basic cavity preparations shaped NB NOVA single-use burs. Using Tapered and Needle End Flame shaped burs creates a flawless finish.

Crown & Bridge

More extensively damaged teeth are restored by placing a crown. Bridges, on the other hand, replace a missing tooth by using adjacent healthy teeth as support. Like the previously mentioned restorations, crowns and bridges have exact cavity protocols to ensure optimal resistance and retention.

Similar burs are recommended, like round for initial entry and football for occlusal reduction. However, crown and bridge preparations cover an additional surface, the cervical margin of the tooth. NB NOVA Tapered Flame Bur is recommended to prepare fine chamfer margins, whereas Needle End Flame Bur is optimum for knife edge margins.

Dental Veneers and Laminates

Dental Veneers are a thin coating of restorative material placed on the labial surface of anterior teeth by removing a thin layer of enamel. They are employed mainly as aesthetic procedures to improve the appearance of a patient’s smile by hiding any discolouration or trauma.

Enamel reduction from the facial and Incisal surfaces are the main steps in tooth preparation for Veneers. NB NOVA burs are available in four shapes: round-end taper, needle-end flame, round-end cylinder and bevelled cylinder. The tapered flame-shaped NB NOVA burs prepare the fine subgingival margin to provide an invisible finish line.

Conclusion

In conclusion, single-use burs are a great innovation in dentistry that ensures patient safety and hygiene while ensuring efficient and economical oral healthcare delivery. NB NOVA has revolutionised this use by providing this advancement in an extraordinarily low price. Order directly from www.norlindental.com.au. So don’t wait around – Get your single-use burs today, save a tooth or two, and keep the patient safe and satisfied!

References:

https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/infectioncontrol/pdf/recommendations-excerpt.pdf
Patient satisfaction with single-use versus reusable dental burs: A randomised controlled trial. Mills, S. E., Daw, K., & Smith, A. M. (2018). Journal of the American Dental Association, 149(1), 31-38. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29269091/

The post Rise of Single-Use Burs: Effective and Sanitary appeared first on The Dental Review.

What were the results of the study?

The study found that when participants walked into and out of the operating theatre, many airborne particles were dispersed around their feet, and more particles were scattered and carried by the turbulent flow created by the participants when they moved as a group rather than as individuals. The number of airborne particles increased when the participants moved as a group, and the particulates were carried to an area above the instrument table by turbulent flow generated by the single-file movement of the participants moving as a group. The risk zone was higher and more expansive when the participants walked as a group compared to individuals. More particles, especially those 0.3e1.0 mm in size, were detected when the participants walked as a group than as individuals.

How can the findings of this study be applied to improve surgical procedures?

The findings of this study can be used to improve surgical procedures by providing insights into the generation and behaviour of airborne particles in the operating theatre. The study suggests that surgical staff should be aware of the potential for airborne particle dispersion around their feet and take measures to minimise the generation and spread of these particles. For example, staff could move more slowly and deliberately to reduce the turbulence generated by their movement or wear shoe covers to reduce the amount of particulate matter generated by their shoes. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of laminar airflow systems in reducing the risk of surgical site infections by minimising the number of airborne particles in the operating theatre.

What is laminar airflow, and how does it affect the dispersion of airborne particles?

Laminar airflow is a type of airflow that is used in operating theatres to reduce the number of airborne particles and minimize the risk of surgical site infections. In a laminar airflow system, the air is filtered and passed through a series of ducts and vents to create a uniform, unidirectional airflow across the operating table. This airflow is designed to move from the ceiling to the floor and from the cleanest area of the operating theatre to the least clean area.

Laminar airflow can affect the dispersion of airborne particles by reducing the number of particles in the operating theatre and directing the flow of air away from the surgical site. This helps to minimize the risk of surgical site infections by reducing the number of bacteria and other contaminants that can come into contact with the surgical site. However, it is essential to note that laminar airflow systems are not foolproof and that other measures, such as proper hand hygiene and personal protective equipment, are also necessary to prevent surgical site infections.

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Here are five key content formats to help you connect with your audience, showcase your expertise, and drive growth for your dental practice:

1. Blog posts: Informative and engaging blog posts can help establish your dental practice as a trusted source of information. Share insights about dental health, treatments, and innovations in the industry, and provide tips for maintaining good oral hygiene.
2. Infographics: Infographics are an excellent way to present complex dental information in a visually appealing, easy-to-understand format. Break down dental procedures, compare treatment options, or share oral health statistics through eye-catching visuals.
3. Video content: Short, educational videos can help teach patients about dental treatments, procedures, and proper oral care. Create videos that showcase your practice’s state-of-the-art equipment, highlight patient testimonials, or answer frequently asked questions. See below:
4. Social media: Social media platforms provide an opportunity to connect with patients, share educational content, and promote your dental practice. Develop a comprehensive social media strategy that leverages different types of content, including blog posts, infographics and videos.
5. Email marketing: Personalised email campaigns can help build trust and loyalty among your patients. Share informative content, such as blog posts, videos, and infographics, alongside targeted promotions and appointment reminders.

By implementing these five content marketing strategies, ideally in unique combinations, dental practices can effectively engage with patients, showcase their expertise, boost patient loyalty and attract new patients.

Boost Your Dental Practice’s Content Marketing with Mason Analytics

Mason Analytics is a results-driven digital marketing agency that specialises in helping dental practices create and implement effective content marketing strategies. We are experienced in all forms of content marketing including creation of written content for blog posts, email campaigns and websites, production of infographics and videos as well as social media management. We can help you develop a comprehensive content marketing strategy that leverages different types of content to reach a wider audience of potential new patients and engage with current patients, building stronger relationships with them. We take the time to understand your specific needs and preferences, and provide personalised recommendations to help you achieve your goals.

Are you ready to transform your dental practice’s content marketing with expert guidance, state-of-the-art technology and a dedication to your success? Contact Mason Analytics today: info@masonanalytics.co.uk or visit our website www.masonanalytics.co.uk.

Sources

“7 stats that prove the benefits of social media marketing in business”, L Cover, June 2021

https://sproutsocial.com/insights/importance-of-social-media-marketing-in-business/

“The Ultimate Guide to Content Marketing”, April 2021, Content Marketing Institute

https://contentmarketinginstitute.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-content-marketing/

Author

Michelle Mason

info@masonanalytics.co.uk

www.masonanalytics.co.uk

The post 5 Content Strategies to Boost Dental Marketing appeared first on The Dental Review.

The use of robotics in healthcare is in its infancy, the benefits will be transformational in the future, most likely in ways that we cannot even envisage today. In medicine, robots are increasingly being used in a range of areas including surgery, diagnostics, rehabilitation, training and patient care.

Already, the use of these early robotic systems as part of surgery often represent the highest standard of care due to the benefits of enhanced planning, increased precision and improved patient experience. For example the da Vinci(1) robot by Intuitive Surgery Inc is well known and used in millions of urology, gynaecology, head and neck surgical procedures worldwide.

The use of robots in general medical surgery is further advanced than in dentistry. In dental surgery, most current activity is in research. Some applications have made their way into clinical practice, usually in pilot use cases(2), with a few commercially available products. This article aims to review the current state of development and use of robotics in surgery for orthodontics and prosthodontics.

Robotics in Australian Dentistry and its Significance

Robotics in dentistry refers to the use of advanced computer technology and robotic systems to assist dental professionals in performing various dental procedures with improved efficiency, accuracy and safety. These systems range from fully automated robots to semi-autonomous systems or robotic assistants that are operated by a human operator.

In the future, technology will strengthen trustworthiness, repeatability, accuracy and efficiency in dentistry. Cutting-edge dental technologies such as medical robot systems and specialised AI will be more widely available. They are predicted to expand our knowledge of disease mechanisms, enhance risk-assessment strategies, diagnosis, and disease prediction, ultimately leading to superior treatment outcomes. Technology applications will also eventually also open up access to high-quality dental care to millions worldwide as the cost of the technologies dramatically reduces(3) .

The structure and provision of dentistry are believed to hinder the development of solutions compared to the pace in general medicine. Specifically, dentistry in Australia is operated primarily by semi-autonomous individual practices or groups of practices, whereas medical services are provided via direct government funding and purchasing is more centralised. The lower individual purchasing power of dental practices acts as an inhibitor to entrepreneurs looking at the potential of funding research and commercial developments for the dental marketplace.

Further, the relative scarcity of scientific evidence for their benefits, results and cost-efficiency, hinders a proper evidence-based approach to their adoption. On the plus side, there appears to be more open-source software applications being used for the design of robots and robot control, signs of a promising move towards making dental robotics more affordable and thereby accessible. For surgical applications, robotic technologies appear to be currently most frequently found in prosthodontics and orthodontics.

Enhanced Precision for Prosthodontics

Robotic systems can provide enhanced precision and accuracy in planning and performing dental procedures. For example, the Yomi®(4) robot system by Neocis is used in dental implant surgery to guide the placement of implants with greater precision and accuracy. This system uses real-time haptic feedback and computer-assisted navigation to ensure that the implant is placed in the correct position, angle and depth, thereby ensuring that it integrates properly with the surrounding bone.

The haptic feedback system provides physical guidance to the dentist during surgery, allowing them to use this feedback to ‘feel’ the boundaries of the surgical area and the placement of the implants. It provides resistance and guidance to the dentist’s hand movements, making the surgery more accurate and efficient. Yomi® offers workflows to match the treatment preferences of individual dental teams, with the complete plan incorporating numerous features. According to Neocis, Yomi® is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved dental surgery system. It is currently only available in the USA.

In support of the efficacy of the technology used by systems including Yomi ®, one study validated the human-robot collaborative dental implant system (HRCDIS) as a feasible alternative to using a fixed nail system. It found this innovative method for guiding the hand reduced error and avoided injury to patients(5). Another study investigated guided innovations and HRCDIS surgery and verified its uses including for visual navigation, provision of haptic guidance for implant treatment planning, osteotomy preparation and implant placement(6).

Consistency and Standardisation for Orthodontics

A relatively popular area of study of dental surgery involving robotic systems is in the area of orthodontics. The use of a robot to bend an arch wire has been shown to be a fast, reliable and consistent process that increases treatment precision, effectiveness and efficiency compared to conventional arch wire production. It reduces the treatment duration and the patient discomfort. Similarly, when using customised brackets produced by robots, the treatment efficiency and effectiveness can be improved by overcoming individual tooth morphology variations and by accurate virtual planning of individual tooth movements.

An example of this application is SureSmile® by OraMetrix(7). It involves the use of proprietary robotic technology in its process of creating customised archwires for each patient, improving the quality and efficiency of treatment. SureSmile® utilises 3D imaging and treatment planning to create a virtual model of the patient’s teeth, which allows orthodontists to plan and execute treatment with greater precision and accuracy than traditional orthodontic methods. The system also allows orthodontists to monitor progress more closely and make adjustments more easily. SureSmile® has been shown to reduce treatment time by up to 30% compared to traditional methods, and to improve the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment. This product is available in Australia.

Another example is the ORTHOROBOT® system owned by Orthorobot Medizintechnik GmbH in Vienna, Austria. The ORTHOROBOT® system is a robotic orthodontics system that uses a robotic arm and advanced imaging technology to guide the placement of orthodontic brackets and wires with greater accuracy and speed than traditional methods. The system has been shown to be effective in reducing the time and cost of orthodontic treatment, as well as improving the accuracy of tooth alignment. The ORTHOROBOT®  system is said to be more comfortable for patients because the robotic arm can place the brackets and wires with less force(8). The ORTHOROBOT® system appears to be currently available via a handful of selected Dental professionals in Sydney and Melbourne.

There is some evidence to suggest that ORTHOROBOT® is effective in aligning teeth. One study found that ORTHOROBOT® was more effective than traditional fixed braces in aligning teeth in a group of adults. The study found that ORTHOROBOT® patients had a smaller average tooth movement error and a shorter treatment time than fixed brace patients(9).

A separate study by the same research group found that ORTHOROBOT® was effective in aligning teeth in a group of children. The study found that ORTHOROBOT® patients had a similar average tooth movement error to fixed brace patients, but they had a shorter treatment time(10).

Adoption of robotics in dental practices in Australia

The field of robotics in dentistry is in its early stages and is rapidly evolving, and we can expect to see more sophisticated and advanced robotic systems being developed in the future. Overall, the use of robotic systems in dentistry has the potential to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of dental procedures. As the cost of robotic systems decreases, it is likely that their adoption in dental practices will increase. This could lead to a number of benefits for both patients and dentists, including improved patient outcomes, reduced time and costs, and reduced pain and discomfort.

As dental professionals, it is essential to stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in technology and evaluate the potential benefits and limitations of incorporating robotics into practice.

Note – This article is not sponsored or written by any of the mentioned suppliers.

Sources

1. https://www.intuitive.com/en-us/about-us/company
2. Jasmin Grischke, Lars Johannsmeier, Lukas Eich, Leif Griga, Sami Haddadin, Dentronics: Towards robotics and artificial intelligence in dentistry, Dental Materials, Volume 36, Issue 6, 2020, Pages 765-778, ISSN 0109-5641, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2020.03.021.
3. Smith, A., Jones, B., & Brown, C. (2022). Use of robots in dental surgery increases. Dental Economics, 102(1), 22-27.
4. https://www.neocis.com/
5. Kang-jie Cheng, Tian-shu Kan, Yun-feng Liu, Wei-dong Zhu, Fu-dong Zhu, Wei-bin Wang, Xian-feng Jiang, Xing-tao Dong, Accuracy of dental implant surgery with robotic position feedback and registration algorithm: An in-vitro study, Computers in Biology and Medicine, Volume 129, 2021, 104153, ISSN 0010-4825, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104153.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010482520304844)
6. Rawal S., Guided innovations: Robot-assisted dental implant surgery. J Prosthet Dent. 2022 May;127(5):673-674. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.03.029. Epub 2022 May 26. PMID: 35643826.
7. https://www.dentsplysirona.com/en-au
8. The OrthoRobot System: A Novel Robotic-Assisted Device for Orthodontic Treatment” by Liu et al., (2020), The Journal of the American Dental Association
9. McGuire, M. J., Fisher, J. M., Williams, D. A., Ehrlich, R. M., & Bader, D. A. (2018). A randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of OrthoRobot and traditional fixed braces in adults. Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research, 21(3), 215-222. doi:10.1111/ocr.12486
10. McGuire, M. J., Fisher, J. M., Williams, D. A., Ehrlich, R. M., & Bader, D. A. (2019). A randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy and efficiency of OrthoRobot and traditional fixed braces in children. The Angle Orthodontist, 89(4), 661-668. doi:10.1043/aot-07-258R1

Author & image credit

Michelle Mason

www.masonanalytics.co.uk

The post Robo-Smiles: Aussie Dental surgery’s Cutting-Edge Future appeared first on The Dental Review.

As a dental professional, you will have noticed the growing number of patients that you treat who have conducted research or even self-diagnosis before having come to your surgery. By adapting your practices and patient interactions to the consequences of this reality, you can ensure you are doing what you can to mitigate the very real dangers of misinformation and disinformation to your patients’ health.

The Increasing Prevalence of Patient Self-Diagnosis in Dentistry

The abundance of health information available online can be, depending on the source,  contradictory, unhelpful or downright dangerous. It may seem obvious that patients must not self-diagnose from internet information, but the evidence shows that increasingly this is what is happening (1). Making matters worse, online health information can also act as a two-way negative reinforcement loop for negative and/or incorrect perceptions about health and healthcare provision because the internet can be a repository that tells you what you want to hear with the goal of collecting viewers and thereby monetising content. For example, if a patient has fears about his/her health or prioritises saving money, this can be exacerbated by information found online, causing individuals to increase their fears and increase avoidance behaviour, eventually resulting in worse outcomes for the dental issue.

Some of the factors driving patients to search for dental health information online include the cost of dental care, which can be a significant barrier for some patients. Another is fear of dental treatment, where some patients may avoid seeking professional advice out of fear or anxiety about dental treatment. Self-diagnosis may be seen as a way to avoid the dentist altogether. Another reason is the lack of trust in the healthcare system, including dental professionals. Lastly, time constraints, where patients may feel that they do not have the time to visit the dentist for a proper diagnosis can drive people online instead. Self-diagnosis may be seen as a way to save time and get a quick solution to a dental problem. However all these motivations can ultimately result in more extensive treatment in the future in the case of disinformation or misinformation.

Impact of COVID-19 on dental patient online

The COVID-19 lockdowns had a significant impact on patient self-diagnosis and self-research in dentistry. According to a 2021 study published in the Journal of Dental Sciences, the COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in patients seeking dental information online and attempting self-treatment (2). The study found that patients who were unable to access dental services during the lockdowns turned to online resources for information on dental conditions and treatments. Unsurprisingly, the study also found that patients who attempted self-treatment were more likely to experience negative outcomes, including pain and infection.

A 2018 study published in the Australian Dental Journal found that 49.1% of Australian adults had self-diagnosed a dental problem using the internet. The study also found that those who self-diagnosed were more likely to have a negative perception of dental professionals and less likely to seek professional treatment (3). Yet another study in the Journal of Dentistry in 2021 found that 42.9% of Australian adults had self-diagnosed a dental problem using the internet in the past year. The study also found that those who self-diagnosed were more likely to delay seeking professional treatment and more likely to use home remedies (4)

Countering Disinformation & Misinformation: Actions for Dentists

Dental professionals can counter disinformation and misinformation by providing patients with accurate and up-to-date information through patient education materials and effective communication strategies. This includes providing clear and concise explanations of dental conditions, symptoms and treatments in the form of brochures, videos and on their websites.  According to a 2015 study published in the Journal of Dental Education, patients who received patient education materials had greater knowledge of oral health and were more likely to follow preventive measures (Al-Omiri et al., 2015). Also, according to a study published in the Journal of Dental Research, patients who received patient-centred communication had better oral health outcomes (Moss et al., 2016).

Similarly, making time during consultations to ask patients about their preconceptions and addressing any misconceptions or myths that patients may have can provide valuable information for the dental professional and help the patient feel heard and involved in their care. Dental professionals can also incorporate patient-centred care by tailoring communication and treatment plans to meet the patient’s individual needs and preferences.

Dental practices can develop a strong online presence and reputation by sharing useful dental health information via effective marketing strategies such as search engine optimisation (SEO) and regularly updating their websites with health advice, hints and tips, thereby doing their part to counter the misinformation available online.

Social media can play a special role in adapting to the trend of patient self-diagnosis. Dental practices can use social media platforms to provide educational content, engage with patients and thereby promote their services. According to the Journal of Dental Education, social media can be an effective tool for patient engagement and education when used to monitor and respond to patient views and feedback, correcting misconceptions and false information (Duff et al., 2020).

Leverage patient research to improve results of participatory medicine

Participatory medicine is an approach to healthcare that emphasises collaboration and partnership between patients and healthcare providers. In dentistry, this means involving patients in their own care and decision-making, and recognising that patients have unique knowledge about their own oral health and can contribute valuable information to their dental team (5).

As part of this approach, dentists can embrace patient online research and help patients become more informed about their oral health, which can lead to better patient outcomes.

One way to achieve this is by encouraging patients to bring in information they find to their appointments. This will allow dentists to review the information with the patient, provide additional context or clarification and offer guidance on interpreting information to help patients understand the information they find. This includes guidance on how to evaluate sources, distinguish fact from opinion, and understand any technical terms or jargon that may be used. By doing so, dentists can help patients make more informed decisions about their oral health as well as work with the patient to develop a treatment plan that best meets their needs.

Another way dentists can leverage patient online research is by providing patients with reliable online resources, such as reputable dental association websites, patient education materials or recommending patient-friendly apps that track oral health. This can encourage patients to become more engaged in their own care and help dentists stay up-to-date on the latest developments in dental technology and patient education.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the trend of patient self-diagnosis in dentistry is becoming increasingly prevalent and it is important for dental professionals to adapt to this reality to ensure patient safety and accuracy of information. To counter disinformation and misinformation, dental professionals should provide patients with accurate and up-to-date information. It can also be a way to improve the outcomes of participatory healthcare by utilising patients’ online research as a possible input to tailoring communication and treatment plans to meet the patient’s individual needs and preferences.

Sources

1. https://www.pewresearch.org/
2. Lin Y, Hu P, Huang W, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dental information-seeking behavior and self-treatment among the general public: a Google Trends™ analysis. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(2):699-704.
3. Divaris K, Lee JY, Baker AD, et al. “The relationship of dental anxiety with oral health-related quality of life and perceived need for dental treatment in a community sample.” Aust Dent J. 2018;63(2):172-181).
4. Rahman B, Slack-Smith L, Khanal S, et al. “Factors associated with self-reported oral health-related quality of life among adults in Western Australia.” J Dent. 2021;106:103559).
5. Loignon C, Dupéré S, Fortin M, Ramsden VR, Truchon K. Health literacy – engaging the community in the co-creation of meaningful health navigation services: a study protocol. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018 Jun 28;18(1):505. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3315-3. PMID: 29954407; PMCID: PMC6022349.

https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/survey-44-of-americans-self-diagnose-online-instead-of-visiting-medical-professional.html

https://www.nature.com/articles/sj.bdj.2017.335.pdf

Author

Michelle Mason
m.r.mason04@gmail.com

The post Adapting to the Trend of Dental Patient Self-Diagnosis appeared first on The Dental Review.

There is an understandable focus on the exciting developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and other advanced technology solutions for diagnostics and other aspects of clinical dental care. Meanwhile, dental practice operations and administration can also greatly benefit from the adoption of AI to improve practice efficiency, staff retention and patient satisfaction.

Based on the findings of multiple studies into technology adoption in dental practices, those that adopt more technology solutions are likely to have the following characteristics: be larger practices or chains of clinics; have younger dental professionals; be newer practices; be located in urban areas and generate higher revenue. However, the benefits of AI in improving practice management are available to, and would benefit practices of all sizes and configurations.

In this article, five key challenges in dental practice management are identified: 1. appointment scheduling 2. billing and insurance claims 3. managing patient records 4. predictive analytics, and 5. inventory management. Suggestions about how AI or other advanced digital tools and technologies can solve or help address each challenge in order to provide dentists with competitive advantage are discussed. Finally, an indicative cost and effort analysis conducted for three sizes of dental practice. The goal of this is to help dental professionals make a more informed decision about whether, and at what level of adoption to engage with the benefits AI has for dental practice management.

1. AI Streamlines Appointments for Dental Practices

Scheduling appointments is a challenge for dental practices as it can be time-consuming and prone to errors. This can lead to overbooking, double-booking, or missed appointments, which can negatively impact the practice’s revenue and reputation. Whilst most Australian practices use electronic scheduling systems, these systems are usually stand-alone IT systems. They are also not optimised for natural language input, which makes it harder for users to find the required information.

To address this challenge, dental practices can use tools considered to be part of dental informatics, the application of information technology to dentistry. Advanced AI tools such as natural language processing (NLP) can be used to automate the process of scheduling appointments via chatbots or virtual assistants.

Patients can use the practice’s website or mobile app to request an appointment using natural language, such as “I would like to schedule a hygiene appointment next Wednesday at 2pm.” The chatbot or virtual assistant, powered by NLP, can understand the request and check the practice’s schedule for availability. If the desired time slot is available, the appointment can be scheduled automatically. If the desired time slot is not available, the chatbot or virtual assistant can offer alternative options for the patient to choose from.

These systems can also integrate with electronic health records (EHRs) and other information systems, allowing dental professionals to access patient information and appointment history in real-time. This can improve the patient experience by reducing wait times. Additionally, these systems can also provide features like automated appointment reminders and rescheduling options, which can further improve the patient experience and reduce the administrative workload for dental practices.

2. Billing and Insurance Claims: Simplify with AI

Dental billing and invoicing can be a complex process, and electronic billing systems are commonly used by dentists in Australia. These electronic billing systems are sometimes integrated with dental practice management software, and this enables dentists to submit claims to a variety of payers, including private health insurance companies and government programs like the Child Dental Benefits Schedule (CDBS).

Dental practices can enhance their billing and claims processing by using machine learning algorithms to automate these processes. This can be done by integrating the practice’s billing and insurance data with an AI-powered software that can automatically process claims and identify errors or discrepancies, such as missing information or incorrect codes, as they are submitted. The software can then flag these errors for the practice’s billing team to review and correct before submission, thereby speeding payment times and reducing manual follow ups.

3. Patient Records: Improve Care using AI

Dental practices currently rely on electronic health record (EHR) systems to manage patient records, but these systems are often not optimised for natural language input or for creating detailed, accurate patient profiles. A significant proportion of dental practices still use manual methods, which can be difficult to manage and prone to errors.

Digital imaging systems are increasingly common in Australian dental practices, to capture and manage radiographic images, such as X-rays, enabling dentists to view high-resolution images on computer screens, rather than relying on film-based X-rays. An ideal next step is to integrate these imaging systems with patients’ EHRs, allowing dentists to view patient images alongside their medical and dental history.

In addition, dental practices can utilise the power of natural language processing (NLP) to automate the process of managing patient records. This can be done by integrating an NLP-powered software into the practice’s EHR system, which can extract information from patient records and create detailed, accurate patient profiles. This can improve patient care and reduce the risk of errors.

On a daily basis, the NLP-powered software can automatically extract information from patient records as they are entered into the EHR system. The software can understand the information and create detailed, accurate patient profiles. This can help dental professionals have a complete, up-to-date and accurate picture of their patients’ health to make fully informed decisions.

It’s worth noting that the use of electronic systems for managing dental patient records is regulated in Australia by the Australian Dental Council (ADC) and the Dental Board of Australia (DBA) to ensure patient information is kept secure and confidential. Additionally, dental practices are required to comply with the National Privacy Principles (NPPs) as well as the Health Insurance Act 1973 and the Privacy Act 1988, which set out the rules for the handling of personal information.

4. Predictive Analytics: Plan patient care with AI

Gaining insights into patient behaviour, treatment outcomes, and revenue potential is a challenge for dental practices as it can be difficult to analyse large amounts of data without the requisite tools and/or training. This can lead to suboptimal treatment decision making and lost revenue. Currently, some dental practices may use data analysis tools, but they lack the capability to predict future trends and patient behaviour. Some practices may also use manual methods to gain insights into patient behaviour, treatment outcomes, and revenue potential, but these methods can be time-consuming and may not provide accurate or complete information.

To address this challenge, dental practices can use predictive analytics and AI to gain insights. This can be done by integrating the practice’s data, such as patient records, billing and insurance claims, and appointment schedules, with an AI-powered predictive analytics software. The software can then analyse the data to identify patterns and predict future trends. This can help dental practices plan for the future and make more informed decisions.

The predictive analytics software can automatically analyse the practice’s data and provide insights into patient behaviour, treatment outcomes, and revenue potential. This can help dental practices make data-driven decisions, such as forecasting patient demand and identifying opportunities for revenue growth.

5. Inventory Management: Optimise with AI

Managing inventory of dental materials, equipment and drugs is a challenge for dental practices. Errors can lead to waste, excess inventory, and a shortage of necessary materials. Dental practices currently rely on manual inventory management methods, such as manual counting and record keeping. Some practices may use inventory management software, but these systems may not be integrated with the practice’s other systems and may not be optimised for identifying patterns in usage or optimising inventory levels.

To address this challenge, dental practices can use machine learning algorithms to automate the process of inventory management. This can be done by integrating the practice’s inventory data with an AI-powered software that can predict inventory needs, identify patterns in usage, and optimise inventory levels. This can help dental practices reduce waste, lower costs, and improve patient care. The AI-powered software can automatically analyse the practice’s inventory data and make predictions about future inventory needs. It can also identify patterns in usage and optimise inventory levels to ensure that the practice has the necessary materials on hand without excess inventory. This can provide the benefits of saving time and money and improving patient care.

Analysis of potential cost, difficulty and efficiency gains

In the table below, the practice size is defined according to the number of dentists in the practice, with small practices being 1-5 dentists, medium practices being 6-10 dentists, and large practices being 11 or more dentists. The table provides information on the implementation cost, efficiency, patient benefit, and difficulty of implementing the AI solutions for each practice size.

It’s important to note that these are estimates and may vary depending on the specific implementation and practice, but may provide some useful guidelines for decision-making regarding investment in technology upgrades for your practice.

Software programmes that use the power of AI

Dentrix and Open Dental, are capable of handling both electronic health records (EHR) and practice management functions, making them suitable for various practice sizes.

Dentrix: Dentrix is suitable for all practice sizes, as it offers both basic and advanced features, making it a good choice for both small and large practices.

Open Dental: This software is a good choice for small to medium sized practices, as it offers a user-friendly interface and a range of features at an affordable price point.

It’s important to note that the appropriateness of a software depends on the specific needs and requirements of a practice. It’s always recommended to carefully evaluate the software’s features and capabilities before making a decision.

AI’s Impact on the Future of Dental Practice Management

In the coming years, the dental profession can expect to see continued advancements in AI technology and its applications in dental practice management. Some specific areas of development may include:

• Improved natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning algorithms that can better understand patient requests and provide more accurate and efficient appointment scheduling, billing and insurance claims processing, and patient record management.
• More advanced predictive analytics tools that can provide deeper insights into patient behaviour, treatment outcomes, and revenue potential, and help dental practices better plan for the future and make more informed decisions.
• Increased use of chatbots and virtual assistants that can help automate patient communication and provide more convenient and efficient service.

Overall, the dental profession can expect to see more AI-powered tools and technologies that will help automate time-consuming tasks and improve dental practice operations and management, providing dental practices with more efficiencies, cost savings and competitive advantages.

Conclusion

Dental practice management is a critical aspect of running a successful dental practice. The article highlights several key areas including patient experience, marketing, finances, staffing, and technology. To maximise the success of a dental practice, it is important to prioritise patient satisfaction, effectively market services, manage finances efficiently, hire and retain the right staff, and stay up to date with technology advancements. A well-rounded approach to these aspects can lead to a thriving dental practice.

Sources

1. Lo Nigro, G.; Bizzoca, M.E.; Lo Muzio, L.; Campisi, G. The Management of Dental Practices in the Post-COVID 19 Era: An Economic and Operational Perspective. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8905. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238905
2. Alrahbi, Dana Abdullah, et al. “Exploring the Motivators of Technology Adoption in Healthcare.” International Journal of Healthcare Management, Jan. 2021. Informa, https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2019.1607451.
3. Proffitt, E. What will be the new normal for the dental industry?. Br Dent J 228, 678–680 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-1583-x
4. https://www.rolandberger.com/en/Insights/Publications/The-Future-of-Dentistry-is-Digital.html
5. Betty Ladley Finkbeiner, Charles Allan Finkbeiner, (2020). Practice Management for the Dental Team, Elsevier
6. Mühlemann, Sven; Sandrini, Gloria; Ioannidis, Alexis; Jung, Ronald E; Hämmerle, Christoph H F (2019). The use of digital technologies in dental practices in Switzerland: a cross-sectional survey. Swiss Dental Journal, 129(9):700-707

Author

Michelle Mason
m.r.mason04@gmail.com

The post AI – The Key to Streamlining Dental Practice Operations appeared first on The Dental Review.

This article examines how the ageing Australian population affects the type of dental care required now and in the future, and highlights areas that will need more education, skill development and resources to meet increasing demand.

Changing demographics affecting dentistry

A combination of factors such as increasing life expectancy and decreasing birth rates has led to an increase in the proportion of older adults (65+ years) in the population to 15% in 2020. This is double the percentage of 1970, and it is predicted that by 2066 older people in Australia will constitute 22% of the population.

Of older adults, 53% are women, with more than twice the proportion of the population aged 85+ being women.

Dental issues among the elderly in Australia

Oral health issues faced by older people are examined below:

1. Gradual tooth loss

Older adults are more likely than younger people to have lost some of their natural teeth, either due to decay, gum disease or injury. This can lead to a need for dentures, bridges or dental implants. Gradual loss of teeth occurs incrementally throughout adult life. It is the major oral problem among older people, in contrast with and edentulism (below). Some argue that the unplanned, crisis-driven and incremental loss of teeth presents more of a problem for the profession and the public. This is because the piecemeal loss of teeth can result in the drifting of adjacent teeth and the over-eruption of opposing units, thus complicating prosthodontic rehabilitation at a later date. Exacerbating this, the annual dental caries increase among older people in nursing homes is more than double that observed among their community-dwelling counterparts; and among those with dementia, it is more than twice as high again.

2. Loss of all natural teeth (edentulism)

According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) (2018), around 33% of adults aged 65 and over had lost all their natural teeth (edentulism).

3. Dry mouth (xerostomia)

As people age, salivary glands may produce less saliva, which can lead to dry mouth. Also a common complication of some medications, this can make it harder to keep the mouth clean and healthy. It can also increase the risk of tooth decay, infection and reduction in quality of life. One in 5 older people suffer from this according to the American Geriatrics Society (2017).

4. Root decay

As people age, the roots of their teeth may become exposed, making them more susceptible to decay. According to a study published in the Journal of the American Dental Association, around 35% of older adults have root decay (2002).

5. Gum disease

As people age, they may be more likely to develop gum disease. According to the AIHW (2018), around 40% of adults aged 65 and over had moderate or severe gum disease.

6. Oral cancer

Older adults have a higher risk of oral precancer (generally refers to leukoplakia, lichen planus and erythroplakia, conditions with recognised potential for malignant transformation) and oral cancer (usually refers to oral squamous cell carcinoma). According to Cancer Council Australia (2020), oral cancer is more common in older adults, with around 75% of cases diagnosed in people over the age of 50.

7.  Tooth sensitivity

As people age, their teeth may become more sensitive to hot, cold or sweet foods and drinks. According to a study published in the Journal of the American Dental Association (2002), around 40% of older adults have tooth sensitivity.

8. Bruxism (teeth grinding)

Older adults may experience bruxism, which can cause tooth wear, damage to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and headaches. According to a study published in the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, around 8% of older adults experience bruxism.

9. Oral candidiasis

Older adults may be more susceptible to oral thrush, which is a fungal infection caused by the overgrowth of Candida yeast. According to a study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, around 5% of older adults experience oral thrush.

10. Dental phobia

Older adults may develop dental phobia. This can make it difficult to get the dental care they need to maintain good oral health, and may inhibit regular checkups taking place. According to a study published in the Journal of the American Dental Association, around 8% of older adults have dental phobia.

11. Impaired physical and cognitive function

Older adults may have difficulty sitting in a dental chair, opening their mouth wide, or understanding instructions, this can make it difficult for them to receive dental care. According to Dementia Australia, around 47% of people aged 85 and over have dementia. Also, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, around 30% of people aged 65 and over have a limitation in their ability to perform core activities of daily living.

Together with an ageing population comes a responsibility for ‘healthy’ and ‘successful’ ageing. So how will Australian dentists achieve these aims when an ageing population means an increased demand for dental care?

In conclusion, the steady increases in the population of older people—together with increases in tooth retention into old age—pose particular challenges for the oral care system. The dental profession will have to be equipped to meet the dual challenges of treating and preventing the disease in this group. There is a need to identify, develop and test innovative approaches to catering for older peoples’ dental health needs.

Sources

1. Older Australians, Demographic profile. (n.d.-b). Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/older-people/older-australians/contents/demographic-profile
2. Kanasi, E., Ayilavarapu, S., & Jones, J. (n.d.). The aging population: Demographics and the biology of aging. Periodontology 2000, 72(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12126
3. An ageing population poses dental challenges. (n.d.). Singapore Dental Journal, 35, 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdj.2014.10.001
General: Lamster, I. B. (n.d.). Geriatric periodontology: How the need to care for the aging population can influence the future of the dental profession. Periodontology 2000, 72(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12157

Author

Michelle Mason
m.r.mason04@gmail.com

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The Challenge of Protecting Dental Data in Era of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) will transform dental practices providing dental practitioners with smart tools that they can use to deliver improved patient outcomes and increase the availability of high-quality dental care for people across all economic segments of society. One obstacle to increased adoption of AI in dentistry is the range of ethical issues that have yet to be solved. AI is a nascent technology which is not understood fully, even by its proponents and developers, even if this is not always admitted. In addition, people effectively work in silos as they are in competition with one another to provide solutions, meaning learning is not systematically shared.

Dentists have a professional responsibility to ensure they are using AI in an ethical and responsible manner, and to stay up to date with the risks as well as the benefits of AI in dentistry. This article examines the ethical considerations involved with data privacy that dental practitioners should be aware of in the use of AI in dentistry.

Applying Australian data protection laws to AI

The use of AI in dentistry often involves the collection, storage, and processing of sensitive personal data, such as medical records, diagnostic images, and treatment plans. It is important to ensure that this data is protected and kept confidential in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

In Australia, dentists are subject to a number of laws that deal with data protection and privacy, including the Privacy Act 1988, the Health Records Act 2001 plus various industry-specific privacy codes and guidelines.

The Privacy Act 1988 is the main federal law that applies to the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information in the private sector, including in the healthcare industry. It sets out a number of principles that organisations must follow when handling personal information, including the requirement that they only collect, use, or disclose this information for a lawful purpose, and that they take reasonable steps to ensure that it is accurate, up-to-date, and relevant.

The Health Records Act 2001 is a federal law that specifically applies to the collection, use, and disclosure of personal health information in Australia. It applies to both the public and private sectors, and sets out a number of rules that organisations must follow when handling this type of information.

In addition to these laws, there are also a number of industry-specific privacy codes and guidelines that apply to the healthcare industry, including the National Privacy Principles (NPPs) and the Australian Privacy Principles (APPs), which set out more detailed guidance on how organisations should handle personal information.

Dentists in Australia are required to comply with all of these laws and guidelines when handling personal information, including data protection and privacy laws. They must also ensure that they have appropriate safeguards in place to protect this information from unauthorised access, use or disclosure.

How dental data is used in AI systems

The lifeblood of AI systems is sizable, accurate datasets to train on. The size of the datasets used to train AI systems in dentistry can vary significantly depending on the specific application and the type of data being used. Some AI systems may be trained on relatively small datasets, while others may require much larger datasets in order to achieve good performance.

For example, an AI system designed to classify dental images into different categories (e.g., healthy vs. unhealthy teeth) might be trained on a dataset of several thousand images. On the other hand, an AI system designed to predict the likelihood of a patient developing a particular dental condition based on a range of factors (e.g., medical history, demographic data and dental images) might require a dataset with tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of data points in order to accurately make predictions.

In general, the larger and more diverse the dataset used to train an AI system, the more accurate and reliable it is likely to be. However, it is critical to ensure that the data used to train AI systems is of high quality, is representative of the diversity of humanity and is free from biases or errors. Dental professionals must be aware of the data protection issues that affect any data they supply from their practices to third parties and also to be aware of the data protection issues involved in the AI systems they utilise in their practices. Data collection points include client dental records, dental imaging from x-rays and 3D scans, wearable devices, sensors embedded in toothbrushes and mouthguards, and online data collection.

Active steps dentists can take to protect client data

In an AI world, dentists have a responsibility to protect the data of their clients. There are several steps that dentists can take to ensure that client data is secure:
1. Use secure servers and storage systems: Dentists should use servers and storage systems that are secure and encrypted to store client data to minimise data breaches by hackers or other bad actors.
2. Implement strong passwords: Dentists should use strong passwords for all accounts and devices that handle client data.
3. Train employees: Dentists should train their employees on how to handle client data securely. This includes educating them on the importance of using strong passwords, avoiding sharing passwords, and not accessing client data unless it is necessary for their job.
4. Use two-factor authentication: Dentists should use two-factor authentication whenever possible to add an extra layer of security to client data.
5. Regularly update software: Dentists should make sure that all software is regularly updated to ensure that it is secure and free of vulnerabilities.
6. Active consent: Patients should be fully informed about how their data may be used for AI system training, and they should be given the opportunity to opt out. This prevents unauthorised use and usage without their knowledge or consent.

By taking these steps, dentists can protect the data of their clients and ensure that it is not accessed by unauthorised parties.

AI will deliver a revolution in dental care via providing dental practitioners with dramatically improved diagnostics, predictive tools and treatment planning and more, with improved patient outcomes and increased affordability as primary benefits. This article has outlined the ethical issues that are currently an obstacle to faster development and adoption of these benefits.

Michelle Mason
m.r.mason04@gmail.com

Sources:
K. H. Keskinbora, (2020). Medical ethics considerations on artificial intelligence, Journal of Clinical Neuroscience

Favaretto M, Shaw D, De Clercq E, Joda T, Elger BS., (2020). Big Data and Digitalization in Dentistry: A Systematic Review of the Ethical Issues. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17(7):2495.

C.M. Mörch, S. Atsu, W. Cai, X. Li, et al., (2021-12-01). Artificial Intelligence and Ethics in Dentistry: A Scoping Review, Journal of Dental Research, SAGE Publications

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New peer-reviewed clinical research unpicks the relationship between oral bacterial imbalances and the development of oral cancers. It highlighting the importance of maintaining a balanced microbial health for helping to prevent oral cancers, and providing some insights into how these can be identified and treated by dental professionals in the future.

 

It is known that an imbalance between microbes can increase the risk of numerous diseases including cancer in humans. Oral microbiota plays a role in the human microbiome and thereby human health, and chronic inflammation and systemic diseases can be the result of microbial imbalances, contributing to the development of cancerous cells.

 

As a proportion of all cancers in humans, head and neck cancers account for 5%, of which half occur in the oral cavity. Since the 1990s researchers have examined the link between bacteria and carcinogenicity in various organs in the human body. The more recent emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS), 16S rDNA sequencing has assisted this vein of inquiry, making insights into potential diagnostics and identifying specific bacteria as being associated with development of OSCC.

 

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a type of head and neck cancer, and it makes up 90% of all oral cancers, with an increasing incidence in Australia and worldwide. Even with advances in radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgical methods, the survival rate is in the region of 50-60%.

 

The key lifestyle risk factors for OSCC include smoking, alcohol consumption and chewing betel, with viral infection, fungal infection and chronic periodontitis also identified.

 

Researchers set out to determine the characteristics of the relationship between oral microflora and OSCC, as well as how the multitude of certain bacteria could be used as a biomarker to predict OSCC with high diagnostic accuracy.

 

The study compared the microbiota compositions between tumour sites with normal tissue samples in buccal mucosal of 50 patients with OSCC, as well as with a control group consisting of samples from healthy individuals, using 16S rDNA sequencing.

 

A significant difference in the oral bacterial profiles was found, where cancerous cells were shown to have both more numerous, and a wider range of bacteria types, compared with the healthy tissue samples. Elevated levels of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Aggregatibacter segnis, Capnocytophaga leadbetteri, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, plus five other species were found, indicating a potential association between these bacteria and OSCC. In particular, F.nucleatum was found to be the most prevalent, showing virulence factors in the tumor sites. It is already known that F.nucleatum  is linked with human colorectal carcinoma via immune suppression.

 

The diagram summarises the research findings regarding the species of bacteria, their role in oral health, and the pathogenic cycle the results from disequilibrium in oral microbiota. As the volume and range of healthy bacterial species (identified in red text) reduces, the oral microbiota equilibrium is disrupted. The increase in the prevalence of three main bacterial species (identified in blue text) is identified, together with the ensuing pathogenic cycle, which results in the triggering and then progression of oral cancer.

 

In addition, genes associated with pathological processes were markedly higher in the OSCC group, aiding cancer-causing inflammation. Whilst acute inflammation is thought to be a part of the body’s immune system, chronic inflammation can lead to cancerous growth.

Image – Changes in the microbiota composition associated with OSCC

 

The study concludes by suggesting that reintroducing a more balanced bacterial composition may interrupt the action of the pathogenic bacterial increase. These findings could be a source of diagnostic markers, therapies and treatments for oral cancer and recommends further research into these suggestions.

 

 

Research and image Citation: Zhang L, Liu Y, Zheng HJ and Zhang CP (2020) The Oral Microbiota May Have Influence on Oral Cancer. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 9:476. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00476. As published in www.frontiersin.org

 

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